Energy Policy & Markets
EU ETS, REPowerEU, IRA, capacity markets, PPAs, RECs, regulators (ACER, FERC, IAEA).
142 articlesArticles
Contract for difference: Financial mechanism and market design
Definition and mechanism of the contract for difference (CfD) in energy markets.
Electricity sector in Ukraine
Overview of the electricity sector in Ukraine as a geographic aspect.
Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline
Overview of the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP), a natural gas pipeline connecting Azerbaijan to Europe via Turkey, with commer...
European Green Deal: Policy Framework and Implementation
The European Green Deal is the EU's comprehensive policy initiative to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 through legislative, economic, and...
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
Analysis of carbon border adjustment mechanisms, including EU, UK, and California implementations and WTO compatibility.
Renewable portfolio standard
Policy mechanism requiring electricity suppliers to source a minimum fraction of power from renewable energy sources.
Renewable Energy Directive: EU Policy Framework and Targets
Overview of the EU Renewable Energy Directive, covering the evolution from the 20% target in 2009 to the 42.5% goal for 2030.
Nord Stream: Infrastructure, Geopolitics, and the 2022 Sabotage
Overview of the Nord Stream gas pipelines, their construction, geopolitical impact, and the 2022 Baltic Sea sabotage.
Inflation Reduction Act: Climate Investment and Energy Policy
Analysis of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, focusing on its $391 billion climate investment, tax credits, and impact on US energy infra...
Carbon tax: Mechanisms, Economic Theory, and Global Implementation
An analysis of carbon taxes as a market-based climate policy, covering economic theory, global implementation, and political impacts.
Kyoto Protocol: Structure, Mechanisms, and Global Impact
The 1997 Kyoto Protocol established binding greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for developed nations, utilizing flexibility mechanism...
Nord Stream 2: Geopolitics, Sabotage, and the End of Trans-Baltic Gas
Analysis of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, its geopolitical controversy, 2022 sabotage, and subsequent cancellation.
Feed-in tariff: Mechanism, History, and Global Implementation
Feed-in tariffs are policy mechanisms offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers to accelerate investment in wind, solar, an...
Energy Information Administration: Structure, Independence, and Data Products
The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) is the principal federal agency for energy statistics, operating independently within the Dep...
EU Emissions Trading System: Cap-and-Trade Mechanism and Market Dynamics
The EU ETS is the world's first large greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme, launched in 2005 to reduce EU emissions through cap-and-trade...
Net metering: Mechanisms, Policy Evolution, and Market Impact
Net metering is an electricity billing mechanism that allows consumers to use generated electricity anytime, fostering renewable energy inve...
Capacity market: Mechanisms for resource adequacy in electricity systems
Analysis of capacity markets, auctions, and resource adequacy mechanisms in global electricity systems.
Power purchase agreement
A contract between an electricity generator and a customer for the sale of power, key for renewable energy financing.
Paris Agreement: Structure, Implementation, and Global Impact
Analysis of the 2015 Paris Agreement, its NDC structure, temperature goals, and implementation challenges.
Contract for difference market
How Contracts for Difference (CfD) stabilize renewable energy prices and de-risk investment in global energy markets.